Exploring Marrakech Architecture : A blend of History and Elegance

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Exploring Marrakech Architecture : A blend of History and Elegance

Marrakech is a city rich in architectural heritage that has lasted for centuries, it is known as « The Red City » of Morocco, as its buildings are painted in a light shade of Red, one of the many unique charms that characterize Marrakech and has a historical significance.

The story of the Red City and its big walls begins in the 12th century, during the reign of the Almohad dynasty which stands as a testament to the durability and aesthetic appeal of the constructions, adding a special and unique charm to the city as well as historical significance. Marrakech is a blend of cultural influences and historical events that came from different dynasties. Marrakech offers architectural wonders, from the big ramparts and the Mosques to the tranquil gardens and great palaces.

Historical Roots :

The history of Marrakech begins with its foundation in 1062 by Youssef ben Tachfine, head of the Almoravid dynasty. They had established Medersas which means Coranic schools, conquering the whole of Morocco, then the architecture of Marrakech was shaped by the succession of different dynasties including Almohads, Saadians, and Alaouites. Each of the mentioned dynasties has left a strong influence and unique mark on Marrakech, contributing to building diverse architectural wonders.

The Almoravid and Almohad Influence :

During this Era, Marrakech was elected the Capital of Morocco, It was the time when the plantation of The Palmeraie (Palm Grove) began, and Youssef Ibn Tachfine’s son built the Big Walls of Marrakech extending over 20 km to protect the city from attacks. Today they represent Marrakech Old City (Medina) boundaries. One of the most Iconic marvels, Koutoubia Mosque was also originally called “Jama' al-Koutoubiyyin”, was built in 1150 with its minaret which you can see from different parts of the city standing at 77 meters, it’s a testament to Almohad architecture and a symbol of the city’s  Islamic Heritage.

Saadians Contributions :

The Saadian dynasty ruled in the 16th century, is best known for its lavish architectural style.

Saadians created the most beautiful monuments of Marrakech, including the famous Coranic University Medersa Ben Youssef that was built in 1565, as well as the construction of El Badii Palace in 1574, and the Saadian Tombs.

The Bahia Palace, another architectural wonder, was built in the 19th century (1866), it’s structured like an open-air maze around a series of Riads, courtyards and patios planted with cypress, jasmine, orange, and olive trees and adorned with refreshing fountains. It also includes a mosque, a Koranic school, and a huge vegetable garden overlooking the Atlas Mountains. Those beautiful monuments reflect the peak of Moroccan decorative art.

Emblems of Marrakech Architecture :

Here are some structures that serve as emblems and some of the main attractions in Marrakech for tourists and visitors :

Koutoubia Mosque

The Koutoubia mosque was built in the 12th century by the Almohad dynasty. Today, at 77 meters high, the minaret remains the tallest structure and largest mosque in Marrakech. Local regulations forbid any new construction project to surpass the height of the minaret, allowing everyone to enjoy its beauty.

While the original mosque was built during the reign of the Almoravid dynasty, it is said that the Almohad dynasty demolished it when they came to power, as the building was not correctly oriented towards Mecca. They began rebuilding the mosque as it stands today. During the reconstruction, the Koutoubia's minaret was the model for the Hassan II mosque in Casablanca and the Giralda in Seville, Spain, as the Almohad Empire expanded its empire in northern Andalusia. The building is a fine example of Moorish architecture, with its decorative brickwork and keystone arches.

Saadian Tombs

The Saadian Tombs in Marrakech, Morocco, are a breathtaking example of the country's rich history and culture. Built in the 16th century, these tombs bear testimony to the power and greatness of the Saadian dynasty. They are a popular tourist destination, offering visitors a rare glimpse into the country's past and the opportunity to explore the site's highly detailed architecture and design.

The Saadian Tombs are acclaimed for their unique architecture and design. The walls of the tombs are adorned with complex stucco sculptures representing scenes from Islamic mythology and history. The ceilings are adorned with colorful tilework and sophisticated chandeliers, while the floors are covered with lavish mosaics. The tombs also feature several vaulted rooms, which are decorated with abstract geometric patterns and arabesque motifs. The overall effect is one of majestic beauty, making the Saadian Tombs a truly stunning sight to witness.

El Badii Palace

The El Badii Palace was built in 1578 to celebrate the victory of the Saadian Sultan Ahmed Al Mansur Dhahbi over the Portuguese army. A symbol of power, the palace expressed the sovereign's opulence to his subjects and foreign diplomats and was the setting for ceremonial audiences and festivities. Considered a jewel of Islamic art, its construction was influenced by the Alhambra in Granada, Spain.

Today, all that remains is a vast courtyard planted with gardens, and orange trees and surrounded by high walls. Indeed, in 1696, the Alaouite sultan Moulay Ismaïl took what was richest in this palace to build the imperial city of Meknes.

The palace was composed of an immense rectangular courtyard measuring 135 by 110 meters, with a central basin measuring 90 by 20 meters, at the center of which stood a large fountain with two basins one above the other, topped by a jet of water. Two pavilions facing each other rose from the large central basin: the Crystal Pavilion, excavated in 1953, and the Audience Pavilion.

Bahia Palace

The Bahia Palace, which means brilliance in Arabic, is without doubt one of the best-preserved and most interesting historical sites in Marrakech. Built between 1866 and 1867, the Bahia Palace spans two hectares in the middle of Marrakech's Medina and contains 150 rooms, including a separate harem section just off the sun-drenched main courtyard. Once home to the Resident General during the French Protectorate, the Palais de la Bahia is now a must-see historical monument open to the public every day.

Mesersa Ben Youssef

The Medersa Ben Youssef is an architectural gem nestled in the heart of Marrakech's old Medina, resonating with reminders of a rich past and symbolizing invaluable historical significance. It transports visitors back to a fascinating era of art, knowledge, and culture blossoming. Sultan Abdullah Al-Ghaleb Assaadi erected the Ben Youssef Medersa between 1564 and 1565, and for four centuries remained a stronghold for scientists, a goal and destination for students seeking science and knowledge in various fields, especially religious ones.

As soon as you cross the doorstep, the architectural splendor of the Medersa is enchanting. Refined Zellige with luxurious geometric and floral motifs adorn the walls, witness to the accomplished art of the time. Sculpted cedar wood doors and ceilings reveal artistic precision in every detail. The central patio, a masterpiece in its own right, captivates with its calming serenity.

Contemporary Architecture 

Marrakech is for sure very rich in history and traditional architecture, but it also embraces contemporary sites, and even modern buildings integrate traditional elements, creating a beautiful blend of tradition and modernity. One of the most famous contemporary sites in Marrakech is Yves Saint Laurant Museum, which opened in 2017, the architecture of the museum is inspired by Moroccan colors and designs paying homage to the rich heritage while embracing modern aesthetics.

Marrakech will take you to an architectural and captivating journey through time and History, reflecting its deep cultural diversity and historical significance. From the great Koutoubia Mosque to Bahia Palace, each monument tells a different story of Marrakech’s past, the city always leave a lasting impression on its visitors.

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